3D mechanical modeling of soil orthogonal cutting under a single reamer cutter based on Drucker–Prager criterion

Reamers have been the major implement used to enlarge the hole size in reaming stage of horizontal directional drilling (HDD). The choice of its available structural design becomes critical to maximize the rate of penetration and minimize the tripping time, thereby decreasing the cost of operations and the risk of experiencing stability problems. Moreover, because the duration period of a HDD project is largely dependent on the reaming stage, it is crucial to study the reaming efficiency by use of the appropriate operating conditions (cutting angle and depth). In the paper, the reaming efficiency of reamer is analyzed based on the development of a 3D analytical cutting force model of soil orthogonal cutting under a single reamer cutter. Focusing on the soil orthogonal cutting mechanism under a single reamer cutter, the interaction and friction between soil and cutter and the shear action of 3D shear zone are comprehensively considered, consequently the mechanical properties are given. Based on these analyses and using the Drucker–Prager criterion given a weight to the intermediate principal stress, the analytical models are proposed. In addition, this paper presents 3D FEM simulations for the analysis of soil orthogonal cutting under a single reamer cutter. The subject has been covered in two parts. Part one deals with the verification of the analytical cutting force model, the other focuses on the assessment and selection of the criterions of shear angle. The analytical cutting force model presented provides the capability to evaluate cutter loading for utilization of a single cutter with different rake angles to cut soils, and to plot the effect of change in the rake angle. Finally, the optimum rake angle of single reamer cutter was obtained. The results of this analysis can be integrated to study reamer performance. It can also provide a guideline to the application and design of the reamer assembly for various soils.     

Multiscale modelling and simulation of single crystal superalloy turbine blade casting during directional solidification process

As the key parts of an aero-engine,single crystal（SX）superalloy turbine blades have been the focus of much attention.However,casting defects often occur during the manufacturing process of the SX turbine blades.Modeling and simulation technology can help to optimize the manufacturing process of SX blades.Multiscale coupled models were proposed and used to simulate the physical phenomena occurring during the directional solidification（DS）process.Coupled with heat transfer（macroscale）and grain growth（meso-scale）,3D dendritic grain growth was calculated to show the competitive grain growth at micro-scale.SX grain selection behavior was studied by the simulation and experiments.The results show that the geometrical structure and technical parameters had strong influences on the grain selection effectiveness.Based on the coupled models,heat transfer,grain growth and microstructure evolution of a complex hollow SX blade were simulated.Both the simulated and experimental results show that the stray grain occurred at the platform of the SX blade when a constant withdrawal rate was used in manufacturing process.In order to avoid the formation of the stray crystal,the multi-scale coupled models and the withdrawal rate optimized technique were applied to the same SX turbine blade.The modeling results indicated that the optimized variable withdrawal rate can achieve SX blade castings with no stray grains,which was also proved by the experiments.     

Effect of boron addition on the microstructure and stress-rupture properties of directionally solidified superalloys

This study is focused on the effect of boron addition, in the range of 0.0007wt% to 0.03wt%, on the microstructure and stress-rupture properties of a directionally solidified superalloy. With increasing boron content in the as-cast alloys, there is an increase in the fraction of the γ′/γ eutectic and block borides precipitate around the γ′/γ eutectic. At a high boron content of 0.03wt%, there is precipitation of lamellar borides. Upon heat treatment, fine block borides tend to precipitate at grain boundaries with increasing boron content. Overall, the rupture life of the directionally solidified superalloy is significantly improved with the addition of nominal content of boron. However, the rupture life decreases when the boron content exceeds 0.03wt%.     

Cellular/dendritic transition,dendritic growth and microhardness in directionally solidified monophasic Sn-2%Sb alloy

Horizontal directional solidification experiments were carried out with a monophasic Sn-2%Sb (mass fraction) alloy to analyze the influence of solidification thermal parameters on the morphology and length scale of the microstructure. Continuous temperature measurements were made during solidification at different positions along the length of the casting and these temperature data were used to determine solidification thermal parameters, including the growth rate (V_L) and the cooling rate (T_R). High cooling rate cells and dendrites are shown to characterize the microstructure in different regions of the casting, with a reverse dendrite-to-cell transition occurring for T_R>5.0 K/s. Cellular (l_c) and primary dendrite arm spacings (l₁) are determined along the length of the directionally-solidified casting. Experimental growth laws relating l_c and l₁ to V_L and T_R are proposed, and a comparative analysis with results from a vertical upward directional solidification experiment is carried out. The influence of morphology and length scale of the microstructure on microhardness is also analyzed.     

舰船高传递损失基座振动波传递特性

基于波动理论,根据阻抗失配和波形转换原理,分析了不同基座连接结构中振动波传递特性,给出了隔振性能随基座板架厚度比及频率变化规律.接着讨论了阻振质量偏心布置对其隔振性能的影响,给出了偏心阻振质量对基座振动波传递的阻抑公式.在理论分析基础上,将高传递损失的基座连接结构延拓到基座面板、腹板和安装板架中,综合运用阻振质量以及贴...     

莰烯基冷冻浇注成型法制备定向通孔氧化铝陶瓷

由莰烯、氧化铝、Texaphor 963组成的陶瓷料浆,在温度梯度的诱导下,用冷冻浇注成型法制备了氧化铝陶瓷坯体,经干燥、烧结后,制备出了高孔隙率、高强度的定向通孔氧化铝陶瓷.通过扫描电镜观察其孔结构,并对其孔隙率、抗压强度和收缩率进行分析测试.结果表明:料浆的固体含量和烧结温度显著影响试样的气孔率、抗压强度和收缩率;...     

180m高钢筋混凝土烟囱爆破拆除

介绍了在复杂环境中,采用控制爆破技术爆破拆除180 m钢筋混凝土烟囱的工程实例,论述了工程方案的确定,参数设计及主要安全措施.针对烟囱尺寸大、钢筋密、混凝土强度高的结构特点,预先开凿大尺寸导向窗减少了爆破面积.特别针对烟囱高度特别高,自重大的特点,针对性进行防护土堤的设计.通过多角度观察,确认防护土堤有效地控制了爆破次...     

60m高密度单层布筋钢筋砼烟囱的爆破拆除

杭钢60 m钢砼烟囱的爆破拆除,因其为单层布筋,竖筋粗,且布筋密度高,而成为本次爆破的难点。为确保爆破的成功,选择了合适部位进行试爆。根据试爆情况分析,确定合理炸药单耗及单孔药量。同时,在确保烟囱结构稳定的情况下,增加了对钢筋网的预处理、预切割内容。爆破结果表明,该措施是可行,且必要的。     

镇江6栋楼房控制爆破拆除

镇江6栋楼房一次性定向控制爆破拆除,其特点是每栋楼房具有不同的高度和结构,需要针对每栋 楼房的特点和环境情况确定其爆破切口的参数和倾倒方向来进行控制爆破拆除.介绍了爆破的难点、网路设 计和爆破方案.爆破结果表明,通过精心设计和施工,解决了复杂环境下爆破拆除大面积建筑群的问题.